What would you call a situation causing grief, pain, or anguish?

The situation causing grief, pain, or anguish is best described by the term "grievous." This word specifically refers to something that is serious, severe, or dire, often associated with deep emotional distress or suffering. Its etymology relates to the Old French word "grevose," which signifies something heavy or burdensome. When we talk about a grievous situation, it highlights the impactful nature of the pain or sorrow involved, making this term particularly fitting in contexts of loss or serious misfortune.

In contrast, the other terms have different meanings that do not align with the concept of grief or anguish. For instance, "fastidious" refers to meticulousness or a demanding nature, "fawn" indicates an act of seeking favor through flattery, and "extemporaneous" pertains to something done without preparation or planning. None of these address the emotional weight implied in a situation associated with grief, pain, or anguish, reinforcing why "grievous" is indeed the correct term here.